The latest report "Science in Poland 2023" prepared by experts from the Information Processing Center is now available on the RAD-on portal. The cyclical publication is the result of monitoring the state of science in Poland carried out on behalf of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education. The previous edition of the report was prepared in 2022 and met with great interest. The intention of the authors of the publication is to provide reliable information to everyone interested in the state of science in Poland.
The latest OPI report "Science in Poland 2023" presents the most important characteristics of the science sphere in Poland until 2022 (where possible, data from 2023 was also presented). They were also compared with data from previous years, as well as with information from other countries. All this allows us to locate the changes taking place in Poland against the background of broader trends emerging in the discussed sphere in Europe and around the world.
– The sphere of science in Poland is an extensive public-private system. Scientific research may be conducted in universities, institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, institutes belonging to the Łukasiewicz Research Network, research institutes and other institutions. According to the POL-on system, 364 scientific institutions operated in Poland in 2022, says Dr. Marzena Feldy, head of the Statistical Analysis Laboratory at OPI. – In a given year, we had 132 academic universities in Poland (103 public and 29 private), 69 research institutes, 77 Polish Academy of Sciences institutes, 26 institutes of the Łukasiewicz Research Network and 60 other institutions (including the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, research centers, cultural institutions, foundations, hospitals) – adds Dr. Feldy.
The largest number of scientific institutions in Poland operated in the Masovian Voivodeship - in 2022, 151 entities were based here, which constituted 41% of all scientific institutions. Focused in this area were primarily research institutes (48 out of 69 in the entire country), PAN institutes (42 out of 77) and institutes of the Łukasiewicz Research Network (12 out of 26). The second largest number of scientific institutions was the Lesser Poland Voivodeship (38 entities, including 11 public academic universities and institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences). The Silesian Voivodeship (35 institutions) and the Greater Poland Voivodeship (31 institutions) also had significant scientific potential. The Greater Poland Voivodeship was also the second (after the Masovian Voivodeship) area bringing together other entities (including, among others, the Poznań Science and Technology Park of the Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation). The fewest scientific institutions operated in the Lubuskie (1), Opole (3) and Świętokrzyskie (3) voivodeships.
– It is worth analyzing and supporting the participation of Polish institutions and scientists in scientific endeavors, both at the national and international level. Not only development research is of particular importance here, but also basic research, the effects of which should be available to the widest possible circle of recipients - says Dr. Eng. Jarosław Protasiewicz, director of the Information Processing Center. – Polish science is a very important sphere. In 2022, 72,556 researchers were employed in Polish scientific institutions, calculated in full working time equivalents. Most of these people worked at public universities (81%). The next largest number of researchers were institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences (7.1%) and research institutes (5%). Researchers constituted a total of 68% of employees employed in Polish science and higher education institutions - adds the director of OPI.
According to data from the OPI report, the largest group of researchers were people with doctoral degrees (47%). They constituted a significant percentage of employees, especially at PAN institutes (50% of researchers). The second largest group were employees with habilitation degrees (29%). Employees with the title of professor (13%) and the professional title of master's degree or equivalent (11%) were much less represented. Calculated into full working time equivalents, the largest share of doctors and habilitated doctors was observed in the social sciences and humanities - 83% of representatives of these fields had an academic degree. The largest percentage of full-time positions held by professors was allocated to medical, health and art sciences. Professors representing these fields of science constituted 18% of researchers.
Among all researchers in scientific institutions, women constituted 46%. The largest percentage of women worked in the fields of medical and health sciences (58%) and agricultural sciences (57%). Women also accounted for just over 50% of researchers in the social sciences and humanities. The largest disproportion between genders occurred in the case of engineering and technical sciences (29% women). At subsequent stages of a scientific career, the number and share of women among researchers decreases. The most equal gender proportions were among people with master's degrees - 49% women. In the group of habilitated doctors, the share of women was 43%. However, among people with a title women professors constituted only 29%.
In 2022, 3% of researchers employed in Polish scientific institutions had citizenship other than Polish. The largest percentage of foreigners were Ukrainian citizens. The next largest participants were representatives of India, Italy and Germany.
The OPI report shows that nearly 537,000 were published in 2018-2022. scientific works, most of which (69%) were articles, 27% were chapters in monographs, and the remaining 4% were scientific monographs. In the years 2019-2022, 3% of scientific articles were published in journals with 200 points, 16% - in periodicals with the second highest threshold (140 points), and 19% obtained 100 points. The majority of publications, regardless of their type, were prepared by researchers from public universities, who were responsible for almost 82% of scientific articles and scientific monographs and 87% of chapters in monographs. English-language publications accounted for 55% of scientific papers reported in 2018-2022. The largest percentage of them dominated in scientific articles (69%). In turn, publications in Polish prevailed among scientific monographs (84%) and their chapters (70%).
It is also worth adding that in the years 2018-2022, Polish inventors submitted 2,597 applications for patents to the European Patent Office, which resulted in 1,163 patents. Since 2019, there has been an upward trend in the number of submitted applications - by 2022 it increased by almost one third.
source: Ministry of Science and Higher Education
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